Brunel
Lecture Series on Complex Systems
Engineering Systems Division
Lecture:
Simple Systems and Other Myths
by
Norman R. Augustine, Former President, CEO, and Chairman
and Current Chairman, Executive Committee, Lockheed Martin
Corporation
Click
here
to view lecture poster (.pdf).
About
the Lecture:
When
it comes to engineering systems there are many reasons for
failures, both simple and complex. Ten lessons-learned have
been identified based on forty years attendance in the school
of hard-knocks while trying to defy the law of gravity--i.e.,
designing aerospace systems.
About
the Speaker:
NORMAN
R. AUGUSTINE was born in Colorado, attended East Denver
High School and Princeton University where he graduated
with a BSE in Aeronautical Engineering magna cum laude,
an MSE, and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi and
Sigma Xi. He holds Honorary Doctor of Engineering Degrees
from the University of Maryland, the University of Arizona,
Rensselaer, Stevens Institute, Colorado School of Mines,
Western Maryland College, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
and the Milwaukee School of Engineering; Honorary Doctor
of Science Degrees from the University of Colorado and the
State University of New York and Arcadia University; an
Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from Duke University; Honorary
Doctor of Humane Letters Degrees from Trinity College, Georgetown
University and the University of Denver; an Honorary Doctor
of Management Degree from Embry-Riddle; an Honorary Doctor
of Humanities Degree from Wheeling Jesuit University; and
an Honorary Doctor of Engineering Science Degree from Central
Florida University.
In
1958 he joined the Douglas Aircraft Company where he held
titles of Program Manager and Chief Engineer. Beginning
in 1965, he served in the Pentagon in the Office of the
Secretary of Defense as an Assistant Director of Defense
Research and Engineering. Joining the LTV Missiles and Space
Company in 1970, he served as Vice President, Advanced Programs
and Marketing. In 1973 he returned to government as Assistant
Secretary of the Army and in 1975 as Under Secretary. Joining
Martin Marietta Corporation in 1977, he served as Chairman
and CEO from 1988 and 1987, respectively, to 1995, having
previously been President and Chief Operating Officer. He
served as President of Lockheed Martin Corporation upon
the formation of that company in 1995, and became Chief
Executive Officer on January 1, 1996, and later Vice Chairman
and Chairman. He currently serves as Chairman of the Executive
Committee of Lockheed Martin, having retired as an active
employee on August 1, 1997, at which time he became a lecturer
with the rank of professor on the faculty of the Princeton
University School of Engineering and Applied Science where
he served until July, 1999.
Mr.
Augustine is in his ninth year as Chairman and Principal
Officer of the American Red Cross and is a former member
of the Policy Council and Chairman of the Education Task
Force of the Business Roundtable, a former Chairman of the
National Academy of Engineering, and a former President
of the Boy Scouts of America. He has served as chairman
of the National Science Foundation's U.S. Antarctic Program
External Review Panel and has been national chairman of
the U.S. Savings Bond Campaign; chairman of the Defense
Policy Advisory Committee on Trade (DPACT); president of
the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
of which he is an Honorary Fellow; president and chairman
of the Association of the United States Army; chairman of
the Defense Science Board; chairman of the Aeronautics Panel
of the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board; chairman of
the Executive Council on Foreign Diplomacy; chairman of
the NASA/White House Committee on the U.S. Space Program;
chairman of the NASA Space Systems and Technology Advisory
Committee; and a member of the NASA Advisory Council and
the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee; and a commissioner
on the United States Commission on National Security. He
has been elected a Fellow of the Explorers Club, a Fellow
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Fellow of
the Royal Aeronautical Society, a member of the New York
Academy of Sciences, the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers and the International Academy of Astronautics
of which he has been a Trustee, an Honorary Fellow of the
Society for Technical Communications, a Fellow of the American
Astronautical Society, a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical
and Electronic Engineers, an Honorary Member of the American
Society of Engineering Education and the Society of American
Military Engineers and a member of the American Philosophical
Society and the American Association for the Advancement
of Science. He is a licensed professional engineer.
Mr.
Augustine is a member of the Board of Directors of Phillips
Petroleum, Black & Decker, Procter & Gamble and
Lockheed Martin. He is a member of the Public Accounting
Profession's Public Oversight Board, the Board of Trustees
of Colonial Williamsburg and the Board of Directors of Callaway
Gardens. He serves or has served on the Boards of the Colorado
National Bank, Riggs National (Bank) Corporation, In-Q-Tel,
Inc. as founding chairman, Hoskyns Group of the UK as chairman,
the Planetary Society, the Atlantic Council, the New American
Schools Development Corporation, the Ethics Resource Center,
The Cordell Hull Institute, the Wolf Trap (National Park)
Foundation, the American Helicopter Society, The Foundation
for the National Medals of Science and Technology, the Air
Force Academy Foundation and the Research Triangle Institute.
He has been on advisory boards to the White House, U.S.
Senate, NASA, FAA, and the Departments of Defense, Army,
Navy, Air Force, Energy, and Transportation, the General
Accounting Office, and NATO. He has been Chairman of the
President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory
Committee, Chairman of the "Scoop" Jackson Foundation
for Military Medicine; Founding Chairman of the Maryland
Business Roundtable for Education; Chairman of the Aerospace
Industries Association; a Vice Chairman of the Corporate
Fund Board of the Kennedy Center; a Principal of the Council
for Excellence in Government; a governor of the National
Space Society, and a member of the Corporation of the Draper
Laboratory, the Conference Board, Business Executives for
National Security, the President's Council of Advisors on
Science and Technology, The National Advisory Board of the
Private Sector Council, the Bretton Woods Committee, the
Council on Foreign Relations, the U.S. Committee on NATO,
the National Leadership Council of the Armed Services YMCA,
the Advisory Council of the Women's Research and Education
Institute, the National Advisory Board of the Underground
Railroad Freedom Center, the National Association of Corporate
Directors, the Executive Committee of Funding First (Medical
Research), the Advisory Council of the Character Education
Partnership, the Corporate Advisory Committee of the National
Museum of Women in the Arts, the Advisory Council of Ford's
Theatre, The Advisory Board of Governors of the Partnership
for Public Service, The Business Council, the U.S.-Japan
Leadership Council, the Carnegie Commission on Science,
Technology and Government, the Advisory Board of Space.com,
the Advisory Board of Singapore Technologies, Inc., the
Chief of Naval Operations' Executive Panel and the Advisory
Board of Space.com, Inc.
Mr.
Augustine is a Trustee of The Johns Hopkins University and
MIT and previously served as a Trustee of Princeton University.
He is an Honorary Member of the Faculty of the Industrial
College of the Armed Forces and a past member of the Board
of Advisors of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. He
has chaired advisory councils for Princeton, the American
University, the University of Maryland and MIT Lincoln Laboratory,
and served on advisory boards for the University of Colorado,
Georgia Tech, Duke, Texas A&M, Yale, USC, Johns Hopkins,
Florida State, the University of Denver Law School and the
National Defense University, where he was a Bernard Baruch
Lecturer. He has delivered the von Braun Memorial Lecture
at the Smithsonian Institution, presented the Woodruff Lecture
at Georgia Tech and has lectured at numerous other universities
including Princeton, Harvard, Yale, MIT, CalTech, Duke,
Stanford, and the U.S. Military, Air Force and Naval Academies.
He
has been presented the National Medal of Technology by the
President of the United States, has five times been awarded
the Department of Defense's highest civilian decoration,
the Distinguished Service Medal, and has received the Joint
Chiefs of Staff Distinguished Public Service Medal, the
Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Army Distinguished
Service Medal, the Air Force Exceptional Service Medal,
the NASA Distinguished Public Service Award, the Department
of the Treasury Medal of Merit and Gold Medal of Merit and
is an Honorary Command Sergeant Major of the U.S. Army.
He has been awarded the Association of the United States
Army's George C. Marshall Medal, the West Point Sylvanus
Thayer Medal, the National Security Industrial Association's
Forrestal Memorial Award, the National Space Club's Goddard
Trophy, the American Astronautical Society's Military Astronautics
Trophy, Industrial Leadership Award and Lifetime Achievement
Award, The Department of Defense's Eugene Fubini Award,
the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics'
Goddard Medal, Durand Public Service Medal and Foundation
Award for Excellence, the International Academy of Astronautics
von Karman Award, the National Academy of Engineering's
Bueche Award, three Bronze Anvil Awards from the Public
Relations Society of America, the Association of the U.S.
Army's Distinguished Service Award, The Atlantic Legal Foundation
Great American Award, the American Defense Preparedness
Association's Gold Medal, Knowles Award, John C. Jones Award
and Industry Leadership Award, the Council of Scientific
Society Presidents Leadership Award and Award for Support
of Science, the American Association of Engineering Societies'
National Engineering Award and Augustine Award (initial
recipient); the Atlantic Council's Award for Outstanding
Contributions to National Security, the USO's Freedom's
Finest Award, the Society of Manufacturing Engineers' Gold
Medal, the Industrial College of the Armed Forces' Eisenhower
Award, the Top-Side Aviation Club "Boss of the Year"
Award, the National Contract Management Association's Roback
Award, the Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association's
Sarnoff Award, the University of South Florida's Leonardo
da Vinci Award, the National Management Association's Manager
of the Year Award, the University of Maryland's Centennial
Medal, Engineer of the Year Award and Glenn L. Martin Medal,
the Loyola College Business Leader of the Year Award, the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' Founders
Medal and Carlton Award, the American Society of Metallurgy's
Distinguished Life Membership Award, the ARCS Man of Science
and Eagle Awards, the Boy Scouts' Silver Beaver, Silver
Buffalo, "Good Scout", Eagle Scout Hall of Fame
and Citizen of the Year Awards, the N.Y. Navy League Eagle
of Industry Award, the Harvard Business School Club of Washington's
Business Statesman Award, the Electronic Industries Association's
Medal of Honor, the AIA/EIA Manufacturing Leadership Award,
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Roe Medal and
Merchant Medal, the Air Force Association's John R. Alison
Award and Ira Eaker Fellow Award, the California Institute
of Technology Management Association's Excellence in Management
Award, the New York University's Haskins Award, the Marymount
College Ethics Award, the Rotary National Space Trophy,
the Public Employees Roundtable Chairman's Award, the Hugh
O'Brian Foundation Albert Schweitzer Award, the U.S. Army
Order of Saint Barbara, the Marietta College McDonough Award
for Excellence in Leadership, the Maryland Chamber of Commerce's
Public Service Award, the Montgomery County Spirit of Free
Enterprise Award, the Wall Street Transcript CEO Gold Medal,
the Leroy Grumman Medal, the University of Michigan School
of Business Outstanding Executive Award, the Aviation Week
Hall of Fame and Aerospace Laureate Award, the Greater-Washington
Hi-tech Legends Award, the Flight International Aerospace
Personality of the Year Award (co-recipient), The American
Academy of Achievement Gold Plate Award, The Hudson Institute
James Doolittle Award, the American Society of Materials
Medal for the Advancement of Research and Distinguished
Member recognition, the Society of American Military Engineers
Academy of Fellows Golden Eagle Award, the Johns Hopkins
University School of Engineering Blumenthal Award, the Society
of Photo-Optical and Instrumentation Engineers Honoree of
the Year, the Swedish American Lucia Award, the Henry Crown
Leadership Award, the National Graduate University Industrialist
of the Year Award, the Yale University Sheffield Fellow
Medal, the Private Sector Council's Leadership Award, the
Ellis Island Medal of Honor, the PICMET Leadership in Technology
Management Award, Financial World's Silver Medal, the Princeton
University James Madison Medal, and was selected as The
Washingtonian's Business Leader of the Year and has been
elected to the Washington Business Hall of Fame and as an
Eminent Member of Eta Kappa Nu Honor Society for leadership
in electrical engineering. He was chosen as one of Business
Week's "Top 25 Managers of 1996;" first among
Defense Business' 40 Leaders in Global Security and Aerospace;
and one of "Fifty Great Americans" by the Library
of Congress and Who's Who in America on the occasion of
Who's Who's Fiftieth Anniversary.
In
pursuing his hobbies, he has dog-sledded in the Arctic and
explored volcanoes in the Antarctic; backpacked in the Canadian
and U.S. Rockies; canoed the Boundary Waters of Canada,
horsebacked the U.S Rockies; sailed a tall ship in the West
Indies and a stern wheeler up the Mississippi; traveled
portions of the Oregon Trail in a covered wagon; snorkeled
on the Great Barrier Reef; boated the Amazon; hot-air ballooned
in Africa; rafted the Grand Canyon; toured the Out-Back
of Australia; snowmobiled on the Bearing Strait; camped
with the Bedouins in the Empty Quarter; traveled by historic
trains including the Red Arrow to Leningrad, the Orient
Express to Istanbul, the Manchurian Railroad to Harbin and
6,000 miles across the Former Soviet Union and China by
rail. He has photographed whales in the Inside Passage,
polar bears in the Northwest Territory, and lions in Africa.
He has stood on both the North and South Poles of the earth
and has visited Timbuktu.
Mr.
Augustine is co-author of The Defense Revolution and Shakespeare
In Charge and author of Augustine's Laws (printed in four
languages); and Augustine's Travels, holds copyrights on
a book of his photography and on a calculator for baseball
managers; and is listed in Who's Who in America and Who's
Who in the World.
About
the Series:
THE
BRUNEL LECTURE SERIES ON COMPLEX SYSTEMS was made
possible by funds assembled and underwritten by Frank P.
Davidson, convener of the Channel Tunnel Study Group (1957).
It was this group's design, accomplished by agreement with
Bechtel Corporation, Brown & Root, Inc. and Morrison-Knudsen
Company, Inc. in 1959, that formed the basis of the subsea
railway link now in service between England and France.
Mr.
Davidson is a retired Senior Research Associate at MIT.
From 1970-1996, he was Chairman of the System Dynamics Steering
Committee, Sloan School of Management, and Coordinator of
the Macro-Engineering Research Group at MIT's School of
Engineering. He co-edited, with C. Lawrence Meador, Macro-Engineering:
Global Infrastructure Solutions, subtitled Massachusetts
Institute of Technology Brunel Lectures 1983-1992. With
Ernst G. Frankel and C. Lawrence Maedor, he co-edited Macro-Engineering,
subtitled MIT Brunel Lectures on Global Infrastructure.
These volumes, published by Ellis Horwood and Horwood Publishing
Limited in 1992 and 1997, respectively, appeared in Chichester,
England, as did Macro-Problems and World Projects, subtitled
Essays in Honor of Frank Davidson, which appeared
in 1998, on the occasion of Mr. Davidsons retirement and
80th birthday. The latter volume was edited by MIT Professor
Emeritus Ernst G. Frankel and by Uwe Kitzinger, CBE, former
president of Templeton College, Oxford, and now a Visiting
Scholar at Harvard.
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